The abdominal muscles—rectus abdominus and the internal and
external obliques—are part of the group that form the trunk musculature. Weak abdominal muscles are a cause of
bad posture and
may
be a predisposing factor in chronic lower back pain. Strengthening these muscles
will firm the
waistline,
improve posture, and result in a trimmer appearance. However, abdominal
exercises do not spot-reduce
fat from around the abdomen and waist . Fat is lost only by expending more calories
than are consumed.
Abdominal
exercises may be used for fully defined muscular development or as a warm-up
routine for other exercises and sports . In a muscular development routine,
abdominal muscles are strengthened by:
1. increasing the number of
repetitions per set
2. increasing the number of sets
3. progressively shortening the
rest periods between sets
4. increasing the angle of the
exercise
5. strapping on leg weights for
some exercises or holding a weight plate while performing other exercises.
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